000 05220nam a22004935i 4500
001 978-3-319-02508-7
003 DE-He213
005 20140220082841.0
007 cr nn 008mamaa
008 131011s2013 gw | s |||| 0|eng d
020 _a9783319025087
_9978-3-319-02508-7
024 7 _a10.1007/978-3-319-02508-7
_2doi
050 4 _aTJ163.13-163.25
050 4 _aTP315-360
072 7 _aTHF
_2bicssc
072 7 _aSCI024000
_2bisacsh
082 0 4 _a662.6
_223
100 1 _aMax, Michael D.
_eauthor.
245 1 0 _aNatural Gas Hydrate - Arctic Ocean Deepwater Resource Potential
_h[electronic resource] /
_cby Michael D. Max, Arthur H. Johnson, William P. Dillon.
264 1 _aCham :
_bSpringer International Publishing :
_bImprint: Springer,
_c2013.
300 _aXI, 113 p. 9 illus., 7 illus. in color.
_bonline resource.
336 _atext
_btxt
_2rdacontent
337 _acomputer
_bc
_2rdamedia
338 _aonline resource
_bcr
_2rdacarrier
347 _atext file
_bPDF
_2rda
490 1 _aSpringerBriefs in Energy,
_x2191-5520
505 0 _aThe Arctic Ocean -- Sediment Delivery Systems: Ice, Rivers and the Continental Margin -- Natural Gas Hydrate: Environmentally Responsive Sequestration of Natural Gas -- NGH as an Unconventional Energy Resource -- Elements of the NGH Petroleum System -- Path to NGH Commercialization -- Gas Production from NGH: We Have All the Basic Tools -- What More Do We Need to Know? -- NGH Likelihood in the Arctic Ocean -- Estimates of the NGH Resource Base in the Arctic Region -- Oceanic NGH: Low Risk Resource in Fragile Arctic Environment -- Economic and Political Factors Bearing on NGH Commercialization -- Logistical Factors for Arctic NGH Commercialization -- Natural Gas as Fuel and Renewable Energy Aspects.
520 _aThe book is an up-to-date basic reference for natural gas hydrate (NGH) in the Arctic Ocean.  Geographical, geological, environmental, energy, new technology, and regulatory matters are discussed. The book should be of interest to general readers and scientists and students as well as industry and government agencies concerned with energy and ocean management. NGH is a solid crystalline material that compresses gas by about a factor of about 164 during crystallization from natural gas (mainly methane) - rich pore waters over time. NGH displaces water and may form large concentrations in sediment pore space. Its formation introduces changes in the geotechnical character of host sediment that allows it to be distinguished by seismic and electric exploration methods. The chemical reaction that forms NGH from gas and water molecules is highly reversible, which allows controlled conversion of the NGH to its constituent gas and water. This can be achieved rapidly by one of a number of processes including heating, depressurization, inhibitor injection, dissolution, and molecular replacement.  The produced gas has the potential to make NGH a valuable unconventional natural gas resource, and perhaps the largest on earth. Estimates for NGH distribution, concentration, economic targets, and volumes in the Arctic Ocean have been carried out by restricting the economic target to deepwater turbidite sands, which are also sediment hosts for more deeply buried conventional hydrocarbon deposits.  Resource base estimates are based on NGH petroleum system analysis approach using industry-standard parameters along with analogs from three relatively well known examples (Nankai-Japan, Gulf of Mexico-United States, and Arctic permafrost hydrate). Drilling data has substantiated new geotechnical-level seismic analysis techniques for estimating not just the presence of NGH but prospect volumes. In addition to a volumetric estimate for NGH having economic potential, a sedimentary depositional model is proposed to aid exploration in the five different regions around the deep central Arctic Ocean basin. Related topics are also discussed. Transport and logistics for NGH may also be applicable for stranded conventional gas and oil deposits. Arising from a discussion of new technology and methodologies that could be applied to developing NGH, suggestions are made for the lowering of exploration and capital expenses that could make NGH competitive on a produced cost basis. The basis for the extraordinarily low environmental risk for exploration and production of NGH is discussed, especially with respect to the environmentally fragile Arctic region. It is suggested that because of the low environmental risk, special regulations could be written that would provide a framework for very low cost and safe development.
650 0 _aGeology, economic.
650 0 _aOceanography.
650 1 4 _aEnergy.
650 2 4 _aFossil Fuels (incl. Carbon Capture).
650 2 4 _aEconomic Geology.
650 2 4 _aOceanography.
700 1 _aJohnson, Arthur H.
_eauthor.
700 1 _aDillon, William P.
_eauthor.
710 2 _aSpringerLink (Online service)
773 0 _tSpringer eBooks
776 0 8 _iPrinted edition:
_z9783319025070
830 0 _aSpringerBriefs in Energy,
_x2191-5520
856 4 0 _uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02508-7
912 _aZDB-2-ENE
999 _c96599
_d96599